The
Motive of Warmth and Cold
No organism can face hot weather conditions for a longer time nor can one fight much against cold. No one can dispute the importance of man’s drives to avoid excessive warmth and cold. Our clothes, houses, sports, agriculture and even temperament are affected by the climatic conditions. Let us see what the physiological basis of these drives is.
We have seen that the senses of warmth and cold are mediated by separate sensory receptors. Some receptors are sensitive to contact with warmth while other are sensitive to cold. The temperature of human body is regulated by a complex mechanism that balances heat loss against heat production. Thus two temperatures are always involved: the amount of heat in the surrounding environment - and the heat produced by the body itself. Obviously the body can lose less heat to its surround on hot days than on cold ones. The hypothalamus which responds directly to the blood temperature flowing through it, evidently plays a vital role in adjustment of the body to heat and cold.
When the external temperature falls below 57 degrees F, bodily activity is stimulated. Increased secretion of thyroxin and adrenaline helps bring about this increased activity. Muscular activity and blood pressure rise up. Blood is driven from the surface of the body to the deeper tissues where it will not be exposed to cold. The reaction to heat is quite opposite; with the rise of external temperature many bodily activities slow down. Perspiration helps cool down their body surfaces and the blood vessels on the body surface dilate. Greater volume of blood is thus exposed to other body surfaces to cool down. The circulation rate is increased to send blood through this “cooling system” faster. These automatic changes act in different ways to keep the body tissues’ temperature at constant 98 to 99 Fahrenheit regardless of the environmental temperature.
Bowel
and Bladder Tensions
All food and drinking after digestive process, has to be eliminated as waste product. Release of bowel and bladder tension is as much important as is food for hunger and drinking for thirst. When pressure for urination on bladder rises or pressure on bowels for release of waste product rises the human being is extremely distressed. In this state person is unable to continue with work and is highly anxious, restless and disturbed until he can, proceeding to toilet find outlet for extermination of the is the product or urine.
When the bladder and lower colon become distended, receptor cells, in their walls are stimulated and produce drives which are satisfied by urination defecation in adult motivation, these drives usually have little significance, since obstacles to their relief are seldom imposed. They play a very important role, however, in childhood, particularly during the period of toilet - training. The muscles that control the bladder and bowels are among the last to come under the child’s control. He derives enjoyment from relieving the tensions caused by accumulated waste. He finds it doubly frustrating to be punished for soiling himself when he is too young to achieve control. Too strict a toilet training may induce, thus, a feeling of insecurity in the child, in some cases.
John
S Lam is an IT Instructor at Examskey. He is VCP510 Certified
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